Vector Embedding

Numeric representation of text, image, or other data in a high dimensional space where semantic similarity corresponds to vector distance.

Vector Database

Database optimized for storing and searching embeddings with approximate nearest neighbor indexes, used for RAG and semantic search.

Vector Commitment

Cryptographic commitment to a sequence of values that supports short proofs for element openings, examples include KZG commitments used in rollups and data availability.

VDF, Verifiable Delay Function

Function that takes a set minimum time to compute even with parallelism, yet is fast to verify, used for leader election and randomness beacons.

Vault (DeFi)

Smart contract that aggregates user deposits and auto compounds yield strategies, often with risk controls and performance fees.

Vanity Address

Blockchain address with user chosen prefix or pattern generated by trial and error, may weaken security if created with untrusted tools.

Validator Liveness

Requirement that validators stay online and sign duties on time, missing duties can reduce rewards or trigger inactivity leaks.

Validator Slashing

Penalty that burns or seizes a validator’s stake for double signing, equivocation, or liveness failures, designed to secure the network by economic deterrence.

Validator Set

The active group of validators eligible to produce blocks in a given epoch, often rotated by stake weight or elections.

Validator

Participant in a proof of stake or similar consensus that proposes and attests to blocks, earning rewards and facing slashing for misbehavior.

JSON RPC Error Codes

Standard and chain specific error numbers returned by node endpoints, useful for debugging issues like invalid nonces, insufficient funds, or method not found.

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