Gas Limit

Maximum gas a transaction or block is allowed to consume; prevents infinite loops and DoS.

Ethereum Gas

Unit measuring computational work in the EVM; users pay base fee plus tip per gas unit.

Elliptic Curve

Math structure used for efficient cryptography; examples include secp256k1, ed25519, BLS12‑381.

ElGamal Encryption

Public‑key cryptosystem based on discrete logarithms; has homomorphic properties useful in voting.

EVM Opcode

Low‑level operation executed by the EVM, such as CALL, DELEGATECALL, SLOAD, and SSTORE.

Ephemeral Key

Short‑lived cryptographic key used for a single session or message to improve forward secrecy.

Envelope Encryption

Pattern where data is encrypted with a data key, which is then encrypted with a master key for secure storage.

Encryption

Process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using ciphers and keys to ensure confidentiality.

Equivocation

Consensus fault where a validator signs conflicting blocks or messages at the same height/round.

Exit Game (Plasma)

Mechanism allowing users to withdraw funds from a Plasma chain back to L1 using priority queues and challenges.

Execution Layer

Layer responsible for running smart contract code and maintaining state, formerly “Eth1”.

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