Wallet

Software or hardware that manages keys and signs transactions, sometimes offering custody or MPC features.

Tokenomics

The supply, distribution, incentives, and utility design of a token that shape user and validator behavior.

Stablecoin

Token designed to hold a steady value, typically pegged to fiat, collateralized on‑chain or off‑chain.

Smart Contract

Programmable code deployed to a blockchain that runs deterministically, enforcing rules without intermediaries.

Rollup

A Layer 2 that executes transactions off‑chain and posts data or proofs to Layer 1 for security.

Proof of Work

Consensus where miners expend energy to solve puzzles, securing the network and earning block rewards.

Proof of Stake

Consensus where validators lock tokens to propose and attest blocks, earning rewards and risking slashing.

Public Key

The cryptographic pair of a private key, shared publicly to derive addresses and verify signatures.

Private Key

A secret number that controls a blockchain address, used to sign transactions. Must be kept offline and secure.

Oracle

A service that delivers off‑chain data to on‑chain smart contracts in a verifiable way.

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