Token distribution with no pre‑mine or private allocations; all supply released to the public transparently.

Property of the network where blocks become irreversible quickly under the probabilistic PoS design.

Service that dispenses small amounts of testnet tokens to developers for free.

Change in the statistical properties of input features over time, degrading model performance.

Process of transforming raw data into features that better expose patterns to learning algorithms.

System for managing, versioning, and serving features consistently for training and inference.

Algorithm that averages model updates from clients to produce a global model in federated learning.

Training across many devices or silos without centralizing raw data, aggregating model updates instead.

Protocol mechanism that destroys the base fee to counterbalance issuance and align incentives.

Ethereum fields maxFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas controlling total spend and miner/validator tip.

Mechanism by which users compete for blockspace through gas prices, tips, or auctions.

Model’s ability to generalize from a small number of examples per class or task.

Supplying a handful of labeled examples inside the prompt to steer an LLM’s behavior.

Encryption allowing computation on ciphertexts to produce encrypted results that decrypt correctly.

Computation designed to be efficient under homomorphic schemes, minimizing multiplicative depth and noise growth.

Government‑issued currency not backed by a physical commodity, e.g., USD, EUR.

Service that converts fiat currency into crypto assets using cards, bank transfers, or wallets.

Stablecoin collateralized by cash and equivalents, with redemptions at par value in fiat.

Decentralized storage network that incentivizes storing and retrieving data with cryptographic proofs.

Point at which a transaction becomes effectively irreversible under the consensus protocol.

Authorization model that restricts actions at the level of resources, fields, or operations.

Adapting a pre‑trained model on task‑specific data, often with smaller learning rates and adapters.

Mathematical field with a finite number of elements; used in ECC, BLS, and zkSNARK arithmetic.

Numeric representation with a fixed number of decimals, common in smart contracts to avoid floating‑point errors.

Uncollateralized on‑chain loan that must be repaid within a single transaction, else it reverts.

Mechanism allowing tokens to be withdrawn before payment in AMMs, enabling arbitrage within one transaction.

Research and tooling ecosystem around MEV mitigation and private transaction relays for Ethereum.

A protocol change that creates a new path of blocks, can be soft (backward compatible) or hard (not compatible).

Algorithm used by nodes to select the canonical chain among competing branches.

Chain that continues on an alternative rule set after a hard fork, forming a separate network and asset.

Mathematically proving that a program satisfies a specification, using model checking or theorem proving.

Large model trained on broad data that can be adapted to many downstream tasks.

Low‑precision number formats that speed up AI training and inference with minimal accuracy loss.

Proof showing that a claimed state transition is invalid; used in optimistic rollups during challenge periods.

Reordering or inserting transactions to profit from observed pending orders; a core MEV category.

User interface of a decentralized application, typically interacting with wallets and RPC providers.

Techniques like commit‑reveal, private mempools, or fair ordering to prevent MEV extraction.

Design goal of achieving rapid, energy‑efficient finality with minimal validator overhead.

Node that fully validates blocks and transactions and stores the complete blockchain state or history.

LLM feature where the model returns structured arguments to invoke external tools or APIs.

First 4 bytes of keccak(signature) identifying the function to call in EVM contract ABI.

Canonical name and argument types of a function, e.g., transfer(address,uint256), used to compute selectors.

Asset where each unit is interchangeable with any other unit, e.g., ERC‑20 tokens.

Automated testing that feeds random and adversarial inputs to expose bugs and invariants violations.