Protocol for trust‑minimized messaging and token transfers between sovereign chains.

Proof‑of‑authority consensus with Byzantine fault tolerance, used in permissioned EVM chains.

Fundraising event in which a project sells newly issued tokens to the public.

Token sale conducted via decentralized exchanges or launchpads using liquidity pools.

Token sale conducted on a centralized exchange, which manages distribution and listings.

Generative model family that denoises random noise into images through learned reverse processes.

Property that data, once written to the ledger, cannot be altered without consensus violation.

Relative loss incurred by LPs in AMMs when token prices diverge from deposit ratios.

LLM ability to learn patterns from examples provided at inference time without weight updates.

Design principle ensuring participants’ best interests align with protocol rules.

Service or node that processes on‑chain data into queryable databases or subgraphs.

Running a trained model to produce outputs; optimized via quantization, batching, and caching.

Stored key/value attention states used to accelerate autoregressive generation.

Service that hosts models behind APIs with scheduling, KV cache, and autoscaling.

Increase in token supply over time, often rewarding validators or stakers.

Predetermined rules that govern how token supply grows or decays over time.

Succinct proof technique used in Bulletproofs to verify commitments efficiently.

Immutable byte array attached to a transaction that encodes function selector and arguments.

Behavior of models to adhere to natural‑language instructions reliably.

Fine‑tuning LLMs on task instructions and demonstrations to improve following ability.

Portion of context reserved for system or task instructions in prompt engineering.

Compiler form between source and bytecode, e.g., Yul IR in Solidity toolchains.

Ability for independent systems or chains to exchange data and value safely.

Content‑addressed, peer‑to‑peer storage network using CIDs and IPLD data structures.

Data model for content‑addressed objects across distributed systems; foundation for CIDs.

Mutable naming layer for IPFS that maps identities to updatable content addresses.

Decentralized Identifier standard for self‑sovereign identity with verifiable credentials.

Creation of new tokens according to monetary policy; may be inflationary or fixed.