Address format that embeds the destination tag with the account on XRPL to reduce misdirected deposits on exchanges and services supporting tags.

HTTP response header, typically set to nosniff, that prevents MIME type sniffing and reduces the risk of drive by downloads or script confusion attacks in dapps.

HTTP header that controls whether a page can be framed, mitigating clickjacking on wallet popups and admin dashboards; modern CSP frame-ancestors is preferred.

Public key certificate format used across TLS and code signing; relevant for RPC gateways, API auth, and hybrid Web3 systems that integrate with Web PKI.

Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman key exchange using Curve25519, fast and widely deployed for TLS, secure messengers, and wallet communication.

Higher security ECDH curve over Edwards448 offering larger key sizes than X25519; used where longer term security margins are required.

Methods that make model predictions understandable to humans, including feature attributions and counterfactuals, important for regulated DeFi and identity scoring.

Parameter initialization scheme that keeps variance constant across layers to stabilize training of deep networks, also called Glorot initialization.

AEAD construction extending ChaCha20-Poly1305 with a 192-bit nonce via HChaCha20 for safer random nonce use, common in secure messaging and wallets.

Polkadot framework for sending messages and assets between parachains and external systems, designed to be agnostic to consensus specifics while preserving safety.

Mechanism for direct communication between Polkadot parachains, enabling trust minimized cross chain function calls and asset transfers coordinated by the relay chain.

EVM sidechain historically branded xDai, now Gnosis Chain; stable, low fee environment often used for payments and DAO operations with bridges to Ethereum.

Security tooling that correlates signals across endpoints, network, cloud, and identity to detect and respond to threats, used by exchanges and critical Web3 infra.

Binary serialization format used by Stellar to encode transactions and messages, enabling consistent cross-language parsing and signing.

Type-1 hypervisor used in cloud platforms; relevant for running validator nodes and indexers with strong isolation and live migration capabilities.

Optimized gradient boosted decision tree library used for tabular ML tasks like fraud detection, with regularization and parallel training support.

Compiler that fuses and lowers ML operations to optimized kernels across CPU, GPU, and TPU backends, speeding model training and inference pipelines.

Remote procedure call protocol using XML over HTTP; largely replaced by JSON-RPC in blockchain stacks but still found in older CMS and integrations.

Privacy-focused cryptocurrency using ring signatures, stealth addresses, and confidential transactions; ticker XMR is commonly used on exchanges and charts.

Hash function variant that can produce arbitrary length output, e.g., SHAKE128/256; useful in ZK systems and key derivation for flexible digest sizes.

Bitwise operation returning 1 when inputs differ; foundational for stream ciphers, secret sharing, and many Merkle–Damgård constructions in crypto protocols.

BIP32 private root that can derive the entire HD wallet keychain; compromise of an xprv exposes all descendant keys, must be stored with strong protection or hardware isolation.

BIP32 key that allows derivation of child public keys without private keys; useful for watch-only wallets and address discovery, must be kept confidential to avoid privacy leaks.

Public blockchain focused on fast settlement and issued assets, using a Byzantine agreement style consensus among validators rather than mining or staking.

Injection attack that executes untrusted scripts in a user’s browser, a key risk for dapps that render user provided NFT metadata or markdown without sanitization.

Block cipher mode for disk encryption that provides tweakable confidentiality across sectors; relevant for protecting validator keys at rest on servers and laptops.

Supply chain compromise of the xz compression utilities that underscores risks in open source dependencies and the need for provenance, SLSA, and reproducible builds.